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The Missing Link Between Diabetes and Obesity
September 18, 2009: 0 comment(s)
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The missing link between obesity and diabetes may be a protein called SPARC, which interferes with the normal storage of fats in the body explaining why 80% of diabetics are either overweight or obese.
Researchers from England and Sweden have combined efforts to study SPARC hoping it will eventually be the means of bringing about new treatments for diabetes.
The key components of the study were insulin, leptin, and SPARC. All participants were obese and pre-diabetic.
1. Insulin: This is the hormone that controls the amount of sugar in the blood.
Sugar is produced from the food we eat, particularly carbohydrates.
2. Leptin: This is a hormone regulating appetite.
3. SPARC: This is a protein that prevents the proper storage of fat by causing scarring of fat tissue and associated with diabetes predisposition.
Professor John Wilding of the University of Liverpool explains the relationship between these. “We tested fat tissue of patients at University Hospital Aintree and found that an increase in leptin also increases SPARC levels, which reduces the safe storage of fat through the development of abnormal tissue scarring. Scarring of fat tissue is known to increase as we gain weight and we found that this is exacerbated by leptin, as well as an increase in insulin, produced by the pancreas.”
What may be happening is that as insulin and leptin are released in an attempt to establish balance, a cascade effect starts that may eventually cause diabetes.
“Leptin is produced in fat cells to regulate appetite, but the body becomes resistant to the effects of appetite reduction in obese patients. Leptin continues to increase in response to overall fat mass and promotes scarring through increased SPARC levels. Once scarring occurs, the excess nutritional energy from fat cannot be taken up by fat cells and so remains in the blood and begins to gather around organs. As a result, fat cells of people classified as obese, may not fulfill their natural purpose to store fat,” according to Dr Katarina Kos, lead author.
Type 2 diabetes starts initially because cells are unable to take in sugar from the blood. As a result blood sugar levels increase and the pancreas must make more insulin to keep up. Cells become resistant to insulin starving them of energy and eventually causing damage to the eyes, kidneys, heart, and blood vessels. Risk factors for diabetes include obesity, decreased activity and diets high in processed foods.
Further study conducted at the University of Gothenburg associated the rise in SPARC with a high calorie diet and at Linkoping University, Sweden, study participants who doubled their caloric intake with fast food increased their SPARC levels by 33%.
Other studies have shown that pre-diabetic and diabetic states have been reversed by weight loss, exercise and a diet reduced in sugar based carbohydrates.
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